I noticed some strange things when trying to access SYSVOL and NETLOGON folders in the domain from Windows 10/Windows Server 2016. When I tried to access the domain by the UNC path \\<domain.com>\SYSVOL or by the domain controller IP address \\192.168.100.10\Netlogon, there appeared an ‘Access is denied’ error and the Windows Security prompt to enter a user credentials to access folder. After entering a valid domain user or even domain administrator credentials, the folders still did not open.

Meanwhile, the same Sysvol/Netlogon folder opens normally (without a password) if you specify the domain controller host or FQDN name: \\be-dc1.domain.com\sysvol or simply \\be-dc1\sysvol.

Also, the issues with Group Policy applying may occur on problem computers. You can find errors with the EventID 1058 in the Event Viewer logs:

The processing of Group Policy failed. Windows attempted to read the file \\domain.com\sysvol\domain.cpo\Policies\{GPO GUID}\gpt.ini from a domain controller and was not successful. Group Policy settings may not be applied until this event is resolved.

This is related to new Windows security setting that protects domain computers from running code (logon scripts, executables) and getting policy configuration files from untrusted sources — UNC hardening. Windows 10/Windows Server 2016 security settings require the following security levels are used to access UNC directories with enhanced security (SYSVOL and NETLOGON shared folder):

• Mutual Authentication of a server and a client. Kerberos is used for authentication. (NTLM is not supported.) This is why you cannot access SYSVOL and NETLOGON shares on the domain controller by its IP address. By default, RequireMutualAuthentication=1.
• Integrity is the SMB signature check. It allows to make sure that data in an SMB session have not been modified during transmission. SMB signature is supported in SMB 2.0 or higher (SMB v 1 does not support SMB session signing). The default value is RequireIntegrity=1.
• Privacy is related to data encryption in an SMB session. It is supported starting from SMB v 3.0 (Windows 8/Windows Server 2012 or newer). The default value is RequirePrivacy=0.
  If you have any computers or domain controllers with legacy Windows versions (Windows 7/Windows Server 2008 R2 or earlier) in your network, do not use the RequirePrivacy=1 option. Otherwise, the legacy clients won’t be able to access network shared folders on domain controllers.

Originally, these changes were made in Windows 10 in 2015 as a part of security updates MS15-011 and MS15-014. It resulted in changes in Multiple UNC Provider (MUP) algorithm that is now using special rules to access critical folders on the domain controllers: \\*\SYSVOL and \\*\NETLOGON.

To access SYSVOL and NETLOGON, you can change UNC hardening settings in Windows 10 using Group Policy. You can use special security settings to access different UNC paths in the Hardened UNC Paths policy.

1. Open the Local Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc);
2. Go to the policy section Computer Configuration -> Administrative Templates -> Network -> Network Provider;
3. Enable the Hardened UNC Paths policy ;
4. Click the Show button and create entries for the UNC paths to Netlogon and Sysvol. To completely disable UNC hardening for specific folders (not recommended!), specify the following values: RequireMutualAuthentication=0,RequireIntegrity=0,RequirePrivacy=0

Microsoft recommends using these settings to safely access critical UNC directories:

• \\*\NETLOGON?? ?RequireMutualAuthentication=1, RequireIntegrity=1
• \\*\SYSVOL?? ?RequireMutualAuthentication=1, RequireIntegrity=1

Now you just have to update the policies on your computer using gpupdate /force command and make sure that you can access Sysvol and Netlogon.

You can configure these parameters using the centralized domain GPO or the following commands on the clients: (These commands will disable Kerberos authentication when you access SYSVOL and NETLOGON folders on the domain controllers. NTLM will be used instead, and you will be able to open the protected folders on the DC by their IP address.)

reg add HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\NetworkProvider\HardenedPaths /v "\\*\SYSVOL" /d "RequireMutualAuthentication=0" /t REG_SZ /f
reg add HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows\NetworkProvider\HardenedPaths /v "\\*\NETLOGON" /d "RequireMutualAuthentication=0" /t REG_SZ /f